NodeJs版本号语义记录

仔细看前端项目的package.json中的若干代码：

{
  "name": "catbook-react",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "server/server.js",
  "scripts": {
    "hotloader": "webpack serve --config ./webpack.config.js --mode development --port 5000",
    "start": "nodemon"
  },
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/mit6148-workshops/catbook-react.git"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/mit6148-workshops/catbook-react/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/mit6148-workshops/catbook-react#readme",
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=12.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@reach/router": "^1.3.4",
    "connect-ensure-login": "^0.1.1",
    "core-js": "^3.8.1",
    "express": "^4.17.1",
    "express-session": "^1.17.1",
    "google-auth-library": "^6.1.3",
    "mongoose": "^5.11.9",
    "nodemon": "^2.0.6",
    "react": "^16.14.0",
    "react-dom": "^16.14.0",
    "react-google-login": "^5.2.1",
    "react-router-dom": "^5.2.0",
    "socket.io": "^2.3.0",
    "socket.io-client": "^2.3.1",
    "url-loader": "^4.1.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/cli": "^7.12.10",
    "@babel/core": "^7.12.10",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.12.1",
    "@babel/polyfill": "^7.4.4",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.12.11",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.12.10",
    "@babel/preset-stage-0": "^7.8.3",
    "babel-loader": "^8.2.2",
    "css-loader": "^5.0.1",
    "file-loader": "^6.2.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
    "react-hot-loader": "^4.13.0",
    "style-loader": "^2.0.0",
    "webpack": "^5.11.1",
    "webpack-cli": "^4.3.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.1"
  }
}

它对依赖的名称、版本等做了详细的列举。npm install的时候也是根据此文件进行依赖添加。

先来看看版本号，一般都是三位数字，例如6.2.0。一般规约如下：

• 主版本号，major：新的架构调整，不兼容老版本
• 次版本号，minor：新增功能，兼容老版本
• 修补版本号，patch：修复bug，兼容老版本

例如vuex升级到4版本就仅支持vue3了，这就是架构上的调整，不再兼容老版本。

再来看一些符号：

• ~，大约匹配。~1.15.2 := >=1.15.2 <1.16.0
• ^，兼容某个版本。^3.3.4 := >=3.3.4 <4.0.0
• <，>和>=，顾名思义，必须小于或大于或大于等于某个版本
• x，表示任意版本